Bridges are critical components of civil infrastructure as they ensure the connectivity of the road network. Chile has a substantial number of these structures, and according to the updated registry as of 2025, the Road Administration of the Ministry of Public Works has 6,755 bridges under its jurisdiction. This study aims to present the design of the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system for the Bicentenario Bridge, located in the city of Concepción, in the Biobío Region, including its implementation during the construction phase and the monitoring strategy to be applied during the operational phase. The methodology involves a comprehensive review of project information throughout the different stages of the bridge’s life cycle, as well as an analysis of Chile’s experience in bridge instrumentation. Instrumentation through sensor installation is a technique that offers significant advantages throughout a bridge’s life cycle. In this particular case, analyzing the SHM system from the design phase, implementing it during construction, and maintaining it in operation for part of its service life will provide valuable data for future projects. Furthermore, incorporating the SHM system at the design stage enables its cost-effective implementation during construction. The Structural Health Monitoring system will provide quantitative and reliable data regarding the actual conditions of the bridge during its operational phase, thereby improving the efficiency of maintenance management. This study contributes essential insights that can promote the implementation of SHM systems in future bridges managed by the Road Administration in Chile.